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Germ-free rodents were inoculated then tracked as successions of microbial populations colonized the gut toward a final mutualistic community of primary plant polysaccharide degraders and their secondary degraders. I thought it was super neat to see the urinary metabolites, amino acids and fermentation products were all tracked real time. Butyrate notably increases as Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa take over. Bacteroidetes and Lactobacillus were the early settlers and gradually declined over the transition to stable components. These authors also included the integration of host saccharides that feed the microbiota: fucose and other glycan biosynthesis that is controlled by a genetic variant known as FUT2. This is the same SNP that directs how much glycosylated blood antigens are secreted on RBCs as well (blood types: ABO). Non-secretors release much less glycans to the flora on RBCs, intestinal epithelium, all mucous membranes and bodily fluids.
Clostridium cluster XIVa include Eubacterium rectale and Roseburia intestinalis, the productive butyrate factories that keep our gut mucous linings pink, pretty and pathogen-free. These guys eat everything.
They've certainly invaded their dual nices as both primary and secondary degraders of all things plant fiber and starch (in fact, both cooked and resistant). 10% of our digestible food escapes small intestine digestion and enter the colon for microbial fermentation. For a 150-200 g carb diet, this means about 15-20 grams digestible and cooked starch makes it into the mega composter (colon) and fill the big bellies of the flora like cluster XIVa. That's a lot of starchy food considering tens of millions of microbes may live in one gram of poop or soil.
R. intestinalis works synergistically often with Bifidobacteria. Whatever starch fragments that Bifidobacteria throw away, R. intestinalis can munch over. If Bifido is not around (like after antibiotics), R. intestinalis might starve a little. On VLC diets, Roseburia drops along with starch intakes; butyrate dips 4-fold as well.
Chitin (insects, Aspergillus) and beta-glucan (mushrooms, oats) feed Roseburia well (as does RS2, green banana flour or RPS) in this study (Neyrink 2012). These fibers raise cluster XIVa nicely, at the same time protecting rodents from increased obesity, high insulin, high BGs, high TGs, and metabolic syndrome with an inflammation-inducing HF diet. All disease protection appears to correlate directly with Roseburia caecal population increases.
Feed Roseburia well for sustained longevity and health -- consider steps #1-4 to provide bifido and bionic fuel:
#7steps
"the gluten-free diet... did not completely restore the microbiota and, consequently, the metabolome of CD children"http://goo.gl/C4mnBH
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Intestinal colonization: How key microbial players become established in this dynamic process |
Clostridium cluster XIVa include Eubacterium rectale and Roseburia intestinalis, the productive butyrate factories that keep our gut mucous linings pink, pretty and pathogen-free. These guys eat everything.
They've certainly invaded their dual nices as both primary and secondary degraders of all things plant fiber and starch (in fact, both cooked and resistant). 10% of our digestible food escapes small intestine digestion and enter the colon for microbial fermentation. For a 150-200 g carb diet, this means about 15-20 grams digestible and cooked starch makes it into the mega composter (colon) and fill the big bellies of the flora like cluster XIVa. That's a lot of starchy food considering tens of millions of microbes may live in one gram of poop or soil.
R. intestinalis works synergistically often with Bifidobacteria. Whatever starch fragments that Bifidobacteria throw away, R. intestinalis can munch over. If Bifido is not around (like after antibiotics), R. intestinalis might starve a little. On VLC diets, Roseburia drops along with starch intakes; butyrate dips 4-fold as well.
Chitin (insects, Aspergillus) and beta-glucan (mushrooms, oats) feed Roseburia well (as does RS2, green banana flour or RPS) in this study (Neyrink 2012). These fibers raise cluster XIVa nicely, at the same time protecting rodents from increased obesity, high insulin, high BGs, high TGs, and metabolic syndrome with an inflammation-inducing HF diet. All disease protection appears to correlate directly with Roseburia caecal population increases.
Feed Roseburia well for sustained longevity and health -- consider steps #1-4 to provide bifido and bionic fuel:
#7steps